Sacrifice Zoning in St James

Analyze land use policy framework which created disparate outcomes for residents.
Exploratory Map
Date:
July 2025
Community Served:
St James
Collaborators:
Center for Constitutional Rights Inclusive Louisiana Louisiana Bucket Brigade

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Issue

Challenge Discriminatory Land Use Plan

In 2014, St James approved a land use plan to encourage further industrial development exclusively in the 4th and 5th districts of the parish, which so happens to be where a significant majority of black families live. These black residents can trace their roots back to their enslaved antebellum ancestors who cleared the plantation grounds and worked the sugar cane fields. The fight for equal protection under the law continues long after the end of the Civil War, with a major civil rights lawsuit brought against the parish for engaging in selective protection using modern land use regulations, to protect residential areas for majority white residential areas of the parish, while steering new heavy industry into the majority black areas of the parish.

Exploratory Map

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Solution

Equity analysis of comprehensive land use plan in St James.

The origins of this work began while conducting research on property transactions and applications for a bunch of large new methanol and plastic facilities being granted permits from 2016-2018. Findings from this research was published in the Plan Without People report, which was co-authored with Anne Rolfes of the Louisiana Bucket Brigade.

The Plan Without People report, which uncovered the measurable impacts of the St James land use planning framework, designated majority black areas of the parish for new heavy industry, and protected majority white areas for residential growth. The findings of this report formed the basis of a groundbreaking civil rights lawsuit against the parish government, seeking a moratorium on new industrial development. The case is currently on appeal to the Supreme Court, meanwhile the parish leaders have continued the practice of approving new hazardous industrial development in the same areas inhabited by majority black residents.

Impact

Lawsuit Challenges New Industrial Permits

The Supreme Court recently dismissed the defendant’s appeal to have the case dismissed, sending the case back to District Court for evaluation on its merits. This is a landmark case, and the parish has done everything in their power to attempt to have the case thrown out or dismissed in order to not confront the reality of their faulty and flawed land use planning document, which protects residential areas in the white portion of the parish, and sends more heavy industry into the majority black half.

“Justin Kray's thorough approach is unparalleled. I find that I ask him one question, and he returns with five questions - all of them crucial aspects of the situation that I didn't even comprehend until he raised the issues. The environmental justice movement in Louisiana simply would not be where it is today without him.”

Anne Rolfes
Founder
,
Louisiana Bucket Brigade